3D simulations reveal disturbances at hypersonic speeds, flow patterns create challenges. The 3D approach revealed unexpected new disturbances. Updated: Mar 30, 2025 09:13 AM EST ...

This 3D approach revealed unexpected new disturbances, breaking away from the standard understanding of concentric flow patterns. “We have those data to compare, but having the full picture now ...

The flow pattern with just one defect (in Q1) results from a unique interplay among chemistry, hydrodynamics and fluid-structure interactions and leads to a unique instability in the system. Fig. 4 ...