Amplitude modulation (AM) was first introduced to enable long-range wireless audio communication, representing a major advancement over wireless telegraphy using spark-gap transmitters. Understanding ...

On the negative half of the cycle, transistors 4 and 2 turn on, forming the negative half of the waveform at the output of the transformer. These two halves complete the full RF waveform. Because of ...

The AM radio transmitter does not use any modulator transformer. The audio output from condenser MIC is preamplified by transistor T3 (BC548). The audio output from T3 is further amplified by ...

Many applications require a circuit to perform pulse modulation and voltage amplification to drive a load with a train of impulses. A typical application is driving a piezoelectric generator in a ...

My project is a transistor based analog audio Li-Fi circuit which can stream good quality music from our phone/mp3 player to speakers at home. Li-Fi stands for Light Fidelity, which uses visible light ...

The circuit exemplifies the use of ZN414 IC to produce a handy AM radio receiver. ZN414 IC– a composition of transistor tuned radio frequency (TRF) circuit packaged in a 3-pin TO-92 plastic package ...

Cross modulation rejection vs bias variations in semiconductors is not a smooth function as it is with vacuum tubes. The reason for these large variations with bias point change has never been ...

You’ll also have to learn Morse code because the minimalist build only supports continuous-wave (CW) mode, although it can be modified for amplitude modulation (AM) voice work. The circuit is ...

Furthermore, it will also be shown that there exist very high cross modulation rejection points and that these points can be predicted from standard RF parameters. Through the use of audio circuit ...