In [H. Oguro et al., (2003)], the authors proposed efficient algorithms for the /spl tau/-adic sliding window method and applied the algorithms to Koblitz elliptic curve cryptosystem. In this paper, ...

Signed-digit (SD) numbers generalize traditional radix numbers by allowing negative digits within a certain range. Typically, this leads to redundant number representations that can be used to avoid ...

The Common Core State Standards teach students the algorithm for multi-digit addition and subtraction in 4th grade. But some experts say it should be taught sooner.