Computer programming may seem like magic these days, but most programs are built from conceptual steps that use visual aids to work out how the program needs to flow. Each function of a program ...

Machine vision is an important example, since it also demonstrates the way algorithms often learn how to do their jobs better by messing them up, sometimes very publicly. Those errors can be silly ...

But algorithms, unlike humans, are susceptible to a specific type of problem called an “adversarial example.” These are specially designed optical illusions that fool computers into doing ...

To clear things up, I drew you this flowchart on the back of an envelope so you can work out whether something is using AI or not. This originally appeared in our AI newsletter The Algorithm.