In 1913, Niels Bohr revised Rutherford's model by suggesting that the electrons orbited the nucleus in different energy levels or at specific distances from the nucleus. By doing this, he was able ...

The interactions between quarks within a proton and the quarks of other protons and neutrons in atomic nuclei are notoriously difficult to fully model.

Question: when is a strong force not a strong force? Answer: when it’s anywhere outside the atomic nucleus. That at least is the case with the strong nuclear force, one of four fundamental ...

Graphene is perfectly selective to protons and blocks even smallest ions like chlorine, University of Manchester research shows. This result will be important for the development of graphene-based ...