In order to improve the traditional open-loop control of the high-pressure common rail system based on the calibration MAP diagram, a PI closed-loop control system of the injection volume based on the ...

Where necessary, the system can be adjusted to reach the preferred state. Across many devices, closed-loop systems – often referred to as feedback control systems – are designed to achieve and ...

Id: 003436 Credits Min: 3 Credits Max: 3 Description. This course covers the concepts of feedback; open loop and closed loop systems, feedback in electrical and mechanical systems, mathematical models ...