In the biased direction, a Zener diode behaves like a normal diode ... The measurement is controlled by the Arduino Nano. Microprocessor gradually connects the range of voltages from lower to higher ...

The diode consists of a special, heavily doped p-n junction, designed to conduct in the reverse direction when a certain specified ... with the ATMEGA328 microcontroller IC. The standalone Arduino ...

A diode allows current to travel in only one direction. With that in mind, [Alex] built a mechanical diode that will only allow gear rotation in one direction to be transmitted through the system.

There are various ways to interface a laser with Arduino depending on the application. A laser diode finds applications in CD/DVD reading and recording, optical-fibre communications, laser printing ...