A Python module is an external class or set of functions that exist outside the main file of your program. This can be something that you built yourself, or it can be provided by the community.

This is useful as a way to add precise type checker coverage to those functions. Python 3.11 identified a slew of Python standard library modules that were obsolete and no longer being maintained.

Learn which Python standard library modules are headed for the boneyard in Python 3.13, and how to replace them. Python’s been around in one form or another for over 30 years. Over that time ...