A programming language lets the programmer express data ... However, programmers "make up" names for the functions (subroutines) in their own programs, and they make up dozens of them, essentially ...

Students implement a series of interpreters that nail down the precise details of how various aspects of programming languages behave. Students are assumed to understand trees and (mathematical) ...

The functions .C and .Call. provide a standard interface to compiled code that has been linked into R. These functions are explored in the following presentation.