This 2023 satellite photo shows the heart-shaped Spirit Lake, which was transformed by the cataclysmic eruption of Mount St.

For more than 150 years, scientists have debated whether Prototaxites—which stood roughly 24 feet tall and 3 feet wide—were an early lichen or fungus, like a “giant mushroom” ...

Nobody knew what they are, and whether they are only a temporary phenomenon, or if they have been sitting there for millions ...

“We know that giant meteorite impacts were frequent during Earth’s infancy and that they ... a Harvard geologist and study co ...