Input validation and output sanitization are crucial ... vulnerabilities where malicious JavaScript code gets injected into the HTML responses from your app. Encode special characters, strip ...

are written to solve problems. To solve a problem, a program needs data input and data, or information, output. Data can be input in different ways: Written directly into the program. This is ...

In prior Java 101 articles, I referred to the concepts of redirection, standard input device, and standard output device. To demonstrate inputting data, several examples called System.in.read().