Java provides a hierarchy of classes that represent different kinds of exceptions. These classes are rooted in the java.lang package’s Throwable class, along with its Exception ...

The class diagram below shows our basic exception hierarchy. At this point, we have a strategy and a set of exceptions that can be thrown. It is time to build the safety net.

Sealed classes, proposed in JEP 409 and available since Java 17, let developers limit and control how deeply a component's type hierarchy can extend. With sealed classes, a developer can essentially ...