4-bit ripple adder, which adds 2 4-bit inputs introducing sum and carry signals and implementing. 1. Half adder. 2. Full adder using the half adder. 3. 4-bit ripple adder/subtractor using the full ...

Subtraction can perform by use QSD numbers. The range of QSD numbers is -3 to +3. In this paper, we are performing the 4 Bit QSD Addition and subtraction by Reversible Logic Gate based Full adder. For ...

Herein, by making use of ... developed to implement half-adder and half-subtractor arithmetic processes. The novel feature of the designed system is that the two required logic gates for the ...