The biological equivalent is "allopatric speciation," an evolutionary ... creatures on either side of Central America when the Isthmus of Panama closed about 3 million years ago, creating a ...

closure of the Isthmus of Panama, and the isolation of humid lowland forests east and west of the Andes by montane habitats and the aridification of the Caribbean lowlands in northern South America 4.

Scientists have long believed that the Isthmus of Panama emerged from the ocean three ... able to recover the striking pattern of repeated speciation on the isthmus. Our work implies that early ...

The Isthmus of Panama formation marks a watershed in oceanographic ... Those widely spread things then become two separate things – the process of speciation. Researchers found there were ...

Ana Endara/STRI “The sister species separated by the isthmus of Panama are a unique system ... understanding the mechanisms of adaptation and speciation in marine organisms, but it will also ...

THE canal proposed by M. de Lesseps, and intended to pierce the Isthmus of Panama is in many respects a bolder enterprise even than the Suez Canal. The engineering difficulties are far greater ...

The biological equivalent is "allopatric speciation," an evolutionary ... creatures on either side of Central America when the Isthmus of Panama closed about 3 million years ago, creating a ...