For example, as a post-compilation step you could massage the .class data to make the byte code either harder to read when decompiled or harder to decompile into valid Java code (or both).

Not anymore. Last year, [Michael] wrote Java Grinder, a Java byte-code compiler that compiles classes into assembly language instead of being part of a JVM. This effectively turns Java from a Just ...

In order to use Byte Buddy, one does not require an understanding of Java byte code or the class file format. In contrast, Byte Buddy’s API aims for code that is concise and easy to understand for ...

Abstract: Jumble is a byte code level mutation testing tool for Java which inter-operates with JUnit. It has been designed to operate in an industrial setting with large projects. Heuristics have been ...

Abstract: This paper presents and implementation of a novel microprocessor architecture for executing byte compiled Java programs directly ... but rather the ability to execute Java code on a ...