One of the most important reasons to digitize these schematic illustrations such as piping and instrumentation diagrams (P&IDs) or Process Flow Diagrams (PFDs ... using various image processing and ...

Abstract: A Piping and Instrumentation Diagram (P&ID) is a type of engineering diagram that uses symbols, text, and lines to represent the components and flow of an industrial ... advanced ...

Abstract: Subsurface flow is the core of reservoir engineering. Research on subsurface flow problems ... of residual oil and the formulation of production plans. Machine learning-based methods have ...