we will examine many examples of object-oriented systems written in Java, Python, and other languages. A primary focus will be the understanding and application of key object-oriented principles and ...

For example, in a payroll system, a class could be Manager, and Pat and Jan could be two instances (two objects) of the Manager class. Encapsulation ensures good code modularity, which keeps ...

These are terms that are used to indicate the qualitative analysis of the modularity in a system, and they help us to identify and measure the design complexity of object oriented systems.

It should be noted that AOP does not replace object-oriented ... you achieve modularity by taking advantage of aspects. An aspect might be logging or authentication, for example.