Any typical digital design style with CMOS uses complementary pairs of p-type and n-type MOSFETs for logic functions implementation. Naturally, CMOS always ought to provide INVERTED outputs like ...

The principle of creating a universal optoelectronic logic element with input optical switching of AND/NAND, OR/NOR and XOR/XNOR functions will be discussed below. The optoelectronic logic element, ...