researchers categorized printed circuit board (PCB) surface defects into nine distinct types based on causes, locations, and morphologies. They developed an openly accessible PCB surface defect ...

A spectrum of issues commonly cause PCB failures, ranging from component failures to solder defects and mechanical ...

AI is exceptionally good at spotting anomalies in semiconductor inspection. The challenge is training different models for ...

Your smartphone detects defects smaller than a virus using AOI, laser, and X-ray systems. These machines don’t just see—they think. These innovations, from ...