Figure 3-11. Spectra of frequency-modulated signals with various values of modulation index for a constant modulation frequency. It can be seen that for small values of the modulation index M (e.g. M ...

This provides discrete RF carrier levels, from sync tip to white, for ICPM measurements. Using a full-field unmodulated staircase signal provides the highest resolution measurements. An NTC7 VIT, or ...

The carrier frequency f (t) = f c and the amplitude a (t) = a are constant. The phase functions φ n (t) are defined over a finite period of time, i.e. t 0 ≤ t 0 + T , where T is the symbol time as ...

3.2 Modulation encoding via two-level amplitude modulation Next, we explain the modulation process that encodes the signal of interest. Figure 3 illustrates 5:9 modulation encoding, which is used ...