Abstract: It is difficult for programming beginners to understand the behavior of object-oriented programs since an object-oriented program contains various dynamic behavior such as dynamic binding ...

Trace tables are extremely useful because they enable a programmer to compare what the value of each variable should be against what a program actually produces. Where the two differ is the point ...

Trace tables are extremely useful because they enable a programmer to compare what the value of each variable should be against what a program actually produces. Where the two differ is the point ...