Residuals represent the variation not captured by the fit. The concept of residual and that of error are similar and easy to confuse; the error has in fact the same ...

This study proposes an integrated redundant fault diagnosis framework using model-based diagnosis and machine-learning classifiers. The model-based diagnosis provides residual signals for the ...

Research on subsurface flow problems can enhance our understanding of the development status of oilfields, thus enabling the prediction of the distribution of residual oil and the formulation of ...