and you couldn’t have one gigantic mass of wires for a parallel bus. The first autorouters were string art algorithms, only in reverse.

Each algorithm can usually be represented by a set of straightforward steps, and programmers often use visual flowcharts to show their thought processes for solving each individual step with code.

“When corporations or governments are not legally or otherwise incentivized to disclose information about their algorithms, we might consider a different, more adversarial approach,” Diakopoulos ...

Machine-learning algorithms are responsible for the vast majority of the artificial intelligence advancements and applications you hear about. (For more background, check out our first flowchart ...