Microcontrollers existed before the Arduino ... Basic Stamp is stored in 256 bytes of the EEPROM. This code is read by a PBASIC interpreter on the PIC, dutifully following commands to blink a LED ...

This isn’t an ESP8266 shield, either: you can write code for the ESP module, connect the serial pins, and hit the program button. The basic functions of the Arduino IDE – pinMode, digitalRead ...

But what about using an SBC like the Raspberry Pi to build codes for your Arduino ... Despite sounding rather basic, the sample programs built into the Arduino IDE can help you with the board.