A block diagram of open-loop control is shown as Figure 2. Implicit within open-loop control is the assumption of a perfectly described system that can be used to generate a control. Leaving aside the ...

which consists of two nonlinear components. Then by adopting the DF approach, the linearized counterparts of the both can be further deduced, following the block diagram of the whole closed-loop ...

Abstract: In order to improve the traditional open-loop control of the high-pressure common rail system based on the calibration MAP diagram, a PI closed-loop control system of the injection volume ...