Frequency modulation can be changed to phase modulation by simply adding a CR network to the modulating signal that integrates the modulating signal. As such, the information regarding sidebands, ...

Jitter and frequency modulation both involve a change in the frequency of an underlying signal. It’s worth investigating how the two phenomenon differ. Jitter is usually defined as an undesired ...

This paper presents a comparative theoretical study of amplitude, phase, and frequency modulation. In the first part, the fundamental mathematical expressions for the three types of modulation are ...

Automatic modulation recognition for frequency-hopping (FH) signals remains very challenging to researchers due to the signals' time-varying spectral characteristics. In this work, a novel robust ...