The standard is intended to symbolize the binary control functions of a system in a manner that can be applied to any class of hardware, whether it be electronic, electrical, fluidic, pneumatic, ...

The popular but older standards: PMC 22.1-1981, Functional Diagramming of Instrument and Control Systems; ISA 5.2-1976, Binary Logic Diagram for Process Operation; and ISO 3511, Graphical Symbols for ...

Key elements of ISA5.2-1976: “Binary Logic Diagrams for Process Operations” were incorporated. Binary logic symbols of Scientific Apparatus Makers Association (SAMA) PMC 22.1-1981: “Functional ...

Abstract: The design of safety-critical cyber–physical systems requires a rigorous check of their operation logic, as well as an analysis of their overall instrumentation and control (I&C) ...

In industrial electronic systems, programmable logic controllers, or PLCs, find widespread application. Reliability becomes a key difficulty in safety-sensitive applications as system complexity ...