For [emach1ne], the DIY LED was part of a Master’s degree course and began with a slice of epitaxial wafer that goes through cleaning, annealing, and acid etching steps in preparation for ...

incoming quality control at HB-LED chip fabs, and final inspection of sapphire substrates. The UltraMap C200 offers throughput of ninety 6” diameter sapphire wafers per hour with lowest cost of ...

Hundreds of regular patterns spontaneously emerge on a small germanium chip. A curiosity about tiny dots on a germanium wafer with metal films led to the discovery of intricate spiral patterns etched ...

LED manufacturers, for instance, like to use sapphire wafers as the substrates for their devices. “For an optically clear, hard substance, it makes sense to use a short wavelength to scribe it ...