Somatic hypermutation (SHM) of immunoglobulin variable (V) regions modulates antibody-antigen affinity is initiated by activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) on single-stranded DNA (ssDNA).

Upgrades have been with players since season 6 of DTCL until now and have changed quite a bit since their initial appearance.

Canto, V. A. (2025) Taxation in the Digital Age. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 13, 498-522. doi: 10.4236/jss.2025.135028 .