The apical pulse can be felt on the chest wall over the apex (bottom) of the heart, where the contractions are most forceful. The heart apex is located just below the nipple on the left side of the ...

Researchers have found in a new study that patients with periodontal disease (PD) have significantly higher odds of experiencing acute periapical abscesses (PAs) when seeking pain treatment. Therefore ...

Background: Interleukin 1 (IL-1) is involved in bone resorption. However, the role of IL-1 in periapical lesions characterized by periapical bone destruction in primary teeth has not yet been ...