Five years from the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous academic studies have shown how the novel coronavirus affects ocular health.

METHODS Four groups of 20 patients were examined: a control group without scotoma and three groups with absolute central scotomas measuring 1°–10°, 11°–20°, and 21°–30°. OKN was elicited with black ...

However, vasculitis, dengue maculopathy, and optic neuropathy can be vision-threatening (2), and there are also cases with persistent scotomas and impaired visual function, especially those with AMN ...

A coloboma is a missing piece of tissue in a person's eye. It is a congenital condition (meaning one you are born with) that can affect any part of the eye but is most common on the color part of ...

Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are the bridging neurons that connect the retinal input to the visual processing centres within the central nervous system. There is a remarkable diversity of RGCs and ...

Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a rare but important disease associated with significant morbidity. There is an expected rise in prevalence in line with the escalating global burden of ...

HIV and syphilis affect similar patient groups and coinfection is common. All patients presenting with syphilis should be offered HIV testing and all HIV-positive patients should be regularly screened ...