The IEC 61131-3 languages Function Block Diagram (FBD) and the corresponding ST (Structure Text) has been used as vehicles for this tour. Programmable Controllers (PLC) are the backbone of most ...

Ladder Diagram, based on the most common form of PLC programming language. Structured Text, similar to high-level information technology (IT) programming languages such as C or Pascal. Function Block ...

Concurrently, novel approaches to verifying function block diagrams have emerged ... at modelling and verifying timing aspects in large PLC programmes have demonstrated the feasibility of ...