The late Archean period was a time of significant ... abilities long before oxygen became a permanent feature of Earth’s atmosphere. These temporary spikes could have created evolutionary ...

Scientists believe Earth’s atmosphere became rich in oxygen about 2.5 billion ... dynamic behavior of biogeochemical cycles under late Archean conditions.” “We built upon our shared experience with ...

Their findings suggest that volcanic activity helped create the perfect conditions for the oxygen-rich atmosphere needed to sustain all life on our planet. Focusing on the late Archean eon (3 billion ...

More information: Yasuto Watanabe et al, Mechanistic links between intense volcanism and the transient oxygenation of the Archean atmosphere, Communications Earth & Environment (2025). DOI ...

It is widely believed that Earth's atmosphere has been rich in oxygen ... geological and chemical changes during the late Archean eon (3.0-2.5 billion years ago) of Earth's geologic history.

The study, “Mechanistic links between intense volcanism and the transient oxygenation of the Archean atmosphere,” was published in Communications Earth & Environment (2025, volume 6, article 178) on ...

The Archean Eon (4–2.5 million years ago ... generated a 62-mile-wide crater that ejected debris into the atmosphere and around the world. It’s not just the impact details that matter.

PUNCH, which is scheduled to launch this week, will study how material in the sun's outer atmosphere turns into the solar wind. "We're leveraging the new capability of cubesats," Kepko said.

The advantages of such a platform include superior image quality, less congested orbits, and natural debris removal as inoperable satellites are pulled down into Earth's atmosphere and burnt up.