Motor neurons in the different cranial motor nuclei extend axons, forming the cranial nerves ... functions. Figure 3: Expression patterns of Hox genes in the vertebrate hindbrain. Figure 4 ...

motor function and balance (walking ability, muscle strength, and tone), sensation, reflexes, coordination, and the 12 cranial nerves of the brain. These nerves are involved in smell, vision ...

Morphological integration of cranial form requires that certain traits covary in predictable patterns, which function as evolutionary paths of least resistance for natural selection to follow ...