A growing body of work suggests that cell metabolism — the chemical reactions that provide energy and building materials — ...

These can be maintained in an undifferentiated state and can differentiate into the three germ layers: endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm. "Embryonic stem cells are pluripotent cells, so we believe ...

In the first step, definitive endoderm is generated by activin A and CHIR99021, followed by induction of primitive gut tube and posterior foregut by treatment with FGF7, SANT1, LDN193189, PdBU, and ...

Further cell divisions lead to the formation of the primitive endoderm, which forms a blastocyst. This structure implants around one week after fertilization. As development continues, the epiblast ...

Here, using gastruloids –3D aggregates of mouse embryonic stem cells- we study the formation of one of the three germ layers, the endoderm. We show that the endoderm is generated from an epiblast-like ...

During amphibian gastrulation, presumptive endoderm is internalised as part of vegetal rotation, a large-scale movement that encompasses the whole vegetal half of the embryo. It has been considered a ...