Chalaza: Non-micropylar end of the seed. The base of an ovule, bearing an embryo sac surrounded by integuments. Raphe: Ridge on seed coat formed from adnate funiculus. Arillate: General term for an outgrowth from the funiculus, seed coat or chalaza; or a fleshy seed coat.

The basal region of the body of the ovule where the nucellus, the integument and the funicle meet or merge is called as chalaza. Orthotropous: In this type of ovule, the micropyle is at the distal end and the micropyle, the funicle and the chalaza lie in one straight verticalline. Examples: Piperaceae, Polygonaceae.

Feb 21, 2025 · Chalaza – The basal part of the ovule from where the integuments arise is known as chalaza. It is the seat for various biochemical reactions. Raphe – It is the ridge-like extension of the funicle along the side of the anatropous ovule is called raphe.

May 15, 2017 · In beans, hilum is called the “eye”. Another elliptical scar is found in the middle of the seed coat and is called chalaza or strophiole. A distinct ridge called raphe runs from hilum to chalaza. Raphe is caused by the fusion of the funicle to the side of the ovule.

Nov 30, 2022 · Chalaza: The junction of the nucellus and integument is known as the chalaza Nucellus represents megasporangium; therefore, the ovule is also termed integumented Megasporangium. A nucellus cell enlarges in size and acts as a megaspore mother cell.

A small notch or furrow bearing ‘Chalaza’, in the middle, is present near the broad end of the seed. In the ovule, it was the site of attachment of nucellus and integuments. On the same side, near the pointed end, a scar is present, known as hilum.

The body of the ovule shows two ends- the basal end, often called the chalaza and the upper end is called the micropylar end. The main body of the ovule is covered with one or two envelops called integuments.

The chalaza (/ kəˈleɪzə /; from Ancient Greek χάλαζα (khálaza) 'hailstone'; pl.: chalazas or chalazae / kəˈleɪzi /) is a structure inside bird eggs and plant ovules. It attaches or suspends the yolk or nucellus within the larger structure. The contents …

Aug 17, 2024 · The caruncular side of the bean seed is equivalent to the chalazal end of the seed, the region where the seed color patterning signal initiates in Arabidopsis (Baudry et al., 2006; Xu et al., 2015), and this region appears potentially to have this pivotal role in common bean seed patterning as well.

The ovules are classified into six main types based on the orientation, form, and position of the micropyle with respect to funicle and chalaza. The most important ovule types are orthotropous, anatropous, hemianatropous, and campylotropous.